New Applications of X-Ray Standing-Wave Fields to Solid State Physics

Scattering: X-Ray Standing Wave Techniques

Introduction The X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique provides an element-specific structural probe by using x-ray reflectivity to generate a " two-beam " interference field that in turn induces a spatial dependence to the x-ray spectroscopic yields from atoms within the field. The XSW technique is primarily used for resolving the atomic-scale structure at surfaces, interfaces, and thin films wi...

Probing atomic migration in nanostructured multilayers: application of X-ray standing wave fields.

X-ray standing wave fields, excited in periodic nanostructured multilayers during Bragg diffraction, have been used to probe atomic migration in multilayers. Ion beam induced migration of Fe impurity atoms from the C layers to the Pt layers in a Pt(Fe)/C(Fe) multilayer, where each layer is about 2 nm thick, has been detected. With a depth resolution better than 0.2 nm of this technique, the dir...

X-ray Standing Wave Studies of Minerals and Mineral Surfaces: Principles and Applications

X-ray Standing Wave at the Total Reflection Condition

Fresnel theory is used to derive the complex electric fields above and 7 below an X-ray– reflecting interface that separates two materials with 8 differing refraction indices. The interference between the incident and 9 reflected waves produces an X-ray standing wave (XSW) above the 10 reflecting interface. The XSW intensity modulation is strongly enhanced 11 by the total external reflection co...

Iii. Solid State Physics

The well known phenomenological theory of F. and H. London leads to rather severe restrictions for the electronic wave functions which might possibly account for the phenomenon of superconductivity. Yet all attempts to construct such wave functions according to the principle of quantum mechanics have been so far unsuccessful. This failure seems to stem from the use of one-electron functions for...